As Africa accelerates its efforts to bridge the electricity access gap, a comprehensive study of 3,139 power plants across the continent reveals a critical crossroads.
While power generation is projected to rise by 57% by 2030, the continent remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which are expected to account for 61% of total power production by the end of the decade.
This trajectory poses significant challenges, as coal and gas-fired expansion is the primary driver behind a projected 19% increase in carbon dioxide emissions.
Beyond climate concerns, the study highlights the “energy-water nexus.” Expanding hydropower capacity, while a key renewable strategy, is set to increase water usage by 73%, potentially straining freshwater ecosystems and threatening local food security and biodiversity.
Conversely, the research emphasizes that wind, solar, and geothermal energy offer a more sustainable path, requiring minimal water and producing significantly lower carbon emissions.
Experts urge policymakers to abandon siloed planning by integrating energy and water resource management.
To meet both development goals and Paris Agreement commitments, Africa must pivot toward a diversified renewable energy mix—supported by battery storage and resilient regional grids—rather than continuing its reliance on water-intensive and emission-heavy thermal power.
